FIQH MUAMALAH.
:: WEALTH in ISLAM:
Wealth is something that is valuable, profitable, and interest that could be used by people in their daily activities. In discussing the basis of wealth, does wealth includes haq and manfaah? There are two views as regards to this. Firstly, according to the Hanafis view, right and manfaah is not regarded as properties. Secondly, according to Jumhur, Human has no absolute right upon their property, in fact they only possess an exclusive right. As for that, in Islam there are restrictions for utilising the property.
First of all human is only trustee to the property, as the real owner of the property is Allah SWT. Secondly, wealth is only the tool of life and not the purpose of life. That is why, people must seek wealth for their daily use, but they must ensure that it is meant for good purpose and not for ma’siah. Islam allows people to own property; however they must balance it by paying zakah. For the reason that, when one owns property he or she must share it with others as in their property there is portion prescribed for other people. Sharing might be through sadaqah, waqf, wasiah etcetera.thirdly, once a person has possessed wealth, he must perform haj. It would be not good if someone who is wealthy do not go and perform the haj since performing haj is one of the pillars of islam. Moreover, it is obligatory upon muslim to go to pilgrimage if they have enough property and has the ability and the capability.
Property can be divided into five types. There are, mal mutaqawwim and ghair mutaqawwim, mal mithli and mal qimi, mal isti’mali and mal istikhlaki, mal ain and mal naf’.
::The right of poor and handicapped::
Before this, we have already discussed the basics of property and wealth. As what has been mentioned before, in the property of a Muslim, there are the rights of other people in their property. This includes the poor and the handicapped. It is not good for us to undermine those unlucky people. It needs to be realized that, they are being tested by Allah through poverty also through the incapability. But this doesn’t mean they cannot be attained wealth. That is why we need to lend them a hand.
As promised in the Quran, “ Allah will deprive usury of all blessings, but will give increase for deeds of charity.” Thus, Islam lays great stress on the relief of poverty by the rich:
“The poor and the unfortunate have a right in their (the rich peoples’) property. “
The holy Quran reminds us that in the past time, many nations were destroyed because the rich did nothing to better the condition of the poor, tried to keep them in the state of poverty, and treated them with disrespect and indignity. The prophet Nuh also had reminded his people to help enriching the poor. However, he was told by them:
“Does your religion demand of us that we should give up worshipping what our fathers worshipped and what we should not be free to do whatever we like with our wealth and poverty?”
This clearly shows that in all ages the prophet had always preached their people to spend a portion of their money to the poor and not to freely use and spend their wealth as they like. Even our holy prophet SAW, was a great friend of the poor and treated them with great respect and kindness.according to the prophet Zakah is not the only institution to relieve poverty, even after the payment of zakah his duty towards the unfortunate community has not ended. He is still has to help the poor and the needy.
A hadith of the prophet says:
“if a man brings up and educates an orphan, he will be as near the paradise as the fingers of a hand are near to each other.”
In another hadith:
“ a man who helps and spends his time and money in looking after widows and the poor, holds the same position in the yes of Allah as one who fights in the holy war or fasts every day and prays the whole night over a number of years.”
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